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Inga Siden-Kiamos
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Egress of Gametocytes

One of the first events after the uptake of the gametocytes into the mosquito midgut is the egress or escape of the gametocytes of both genders from the erythrocyte host. This entails the rupture of two membranes, the erythrocyte plasma membrane and the so-called parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), which delineates the parasite compartment in the host cell. Our work has identified several parasite proteins that play a role in this process using reverse genetics approaches. Very little is known about the cellular events taking place during rupture. This is a very rapid process completed in a few minutes and thus difficult to image using conventional microscopes. We imaged these rapid processes using high-speed video microscopy. We found that the PVM first ruptures and forms small vesicles which are then extruded through a single pore in the red blood cell membrane, followed by vesiculation of this membrane. This was the first demonstration that the two membranes sequentially open and form small vesicles.

This research was funded by a grant from The General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education (Bilateral Research and Technology Cooperation Greece-France), a fellowship from IKY (Maria Andreadaki), and an OzMalNet fellowship from the EViMalaR network of excellence.

Gametocyte egress image

Figure: A gametocyte in the process of rupturing. The red blood cell membrane is still intact but the parasitophorous vacuole membrane has ruptured and formed small vesicles.